16 points

"the state of connecticut will contribute about one thirty-eighth; her proper quota would be about one thirteenth. here then is a saving of two-thirds to the state of connecticut; and in that proportion is her situation better under the new constitution than the old. taking the states eastward of new-york altogether, that the gentlemen say are rendered incapable of bearing the [burden] of the state debts, by the adoption of the new constitution; i say, take the whole together, and they will contribute about a sixth only; whereas they would have had to contribute a fourth, if this constitution had not been established, and they had paid their part of the debt of the united states."
- james madison, 1790

in this excerpt from 1790, james madison most directly opposes which economic proposal?
a) the repayment of war debts to foreign investors
b) the federal government's assumption of state debt
c) the establishment of tariffs on international trade
eliminate
d) the selling of bonds and certificates to speculators