What did the russian and chinese revolutions share in common with the french revolution?

a. a commitment to marxist ideology
b. a focus on promoting the interests of the middle class
c. a nostalgia for the cultural traditions of the past
d. a vision of the good society in a modernizing future

Explanation:

The Russian and Chinese revolutions both had a commitment to Marxist ideology.  However, the French Revolution occurred a number of decades before Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels set down the foundations of communist theory.  There was a radical group during the French Revolution, led by François-Noël Babeuf (aka Gracchus Babeuf), which called for a communist style society.  That movement was known as "The Conspiracy of Equals."  But the French Revolution overall was not something motivated by communist-style thinking.  

All three revolutions, though, did put forth their own vision of a good society that would be created in a better, more modern future.  French Revolutionaries wanted to end the old regime of monarchy and aristocracy and put into place a society of liberty, equality and fraternity. The Bolsheviks in Russia wanted to pull Russia forward out of an non-industrial past into a cooperative, productive future.  Mao Zedong's communist revolution in China also wanted a "Great Leap Forward" from an outdated pattern of society to a newly imagined, more modern order.

b) presidents retired after two terms in office.