An action taken by employers or by the government against workers who wanted to organize was

Union Busting.

Explanation:

Union Busting refers to those activities aimed to prevent o disrupt unions, it could imply legal or illegal actions to particular purposes.

So, union busting was used agains workers around the world, to prevent their uprisings against industries. In United States, back then in the 19th century, when industries were popping, conditions were often unsafe, in those contexts were used union busting.

each played a major role in ending the cold war.

b) the confederacy had to pay all union war expenses.