What is externality? a. a side effect of a good service generating benefits or costs to someone who doesn't decide how much to produce or consume b. someone who would choose to pay for a certain good or service but does not get the benefits of it if provided as a public good c. someone who wouldn't choose to pay for a certain good or service but who'd get the benefits of it anyway if provided as a public good d. a shared good or service for which it would be impractical to make consumers pay individually and to exclude nonpayers

2points which excerpt from thomas paine's common sense best represents an attempt to appeal to ethos to persuade the reader? a. the infant state of the colonies, as it is called, so far from being against, is an argument in favor of independence. b. to talk of friendship with those in whom our reason forbids us to have faith is madness and folly. o c. oye that love mankind! ye that dare oppose, not only the tyranny, but the tyrant, stand forth! o d. i am not induced by motives of pride, party, or resentment to espouse the doctrine of separation and independence..