What effect did the crusades have on western europe?
a) they redused trade from scandinavia and russia.
b) they decreased the population in western europe and shrank markets.
c) they increased trade and exposure to new items from the middle east.
d) they brought islomic merchants into western europe and led to mass conversions.

the answer is option a.

- "the past is made of multitudinous items ranging from anything that can be collected, recollected or assessed to originate in the past. as such, the past is a gallimaufry of particulars that may not have been related in any way. however, the human mind seeks organization to understand concepts and other things. the human mind therefore seeks relationships in explaining and studying the past. history being a humanity, dictates that historians have to serve this human trait by bringing structure to details of the past. historians do this by creating interpretive frameworks that capture as many details as possible."

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