(march on washington) summarize event march of washington0, including which of the civil rights organizations and leaders were responsible for it. explain whether each event was violent or non-violent and why. explain whether each event could be considered a success or not. be sure to include specific details to support your claim. explain your response to the following question: based on the outcomes of the events you chose, do you think violent or nonviolent protest strategies were more effective?asap

The March on Washington was a protest march that took place in August 1963, when around 250,000 people showed in front of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. The March is also known as the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, the event's objectives were to draw attention to prevailing challenges and inequalities faced by African Americans a century after emancipation. There were six groups that shared the credit for organizing the event. The big six, as the march organizers were called, were the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, the Congress On Racial Equality, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, and the National Urban League.

Labor leader and civil rights activist A. Philip Randolph, who was the first president of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, is credited with being the first to advance the idea of marching on the nation’s capital, but it was way before 1963.

New York City-based BSCP was the first black-led labor organization and it was instrumental in fighting southern segregation. Bayard Rustin had a legendary career in civil rights activism.

President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued the landmark Executive Order 8802 on June 25, 1941, establishing the President's Committee on Fair Employment and effectively ending that specific form of segregation, momentum for the march subsided.

The organizers seemed to know that uprisings become more likely to fail if they turned violent.

They knew that once protesters picked up guns, it would legitimize Washington's use of crushing violence. Public opinion is much more likely to justify opening fire and individual police or soldiers are much more likely to follow orders to shoot if the opposition is also shooting at them.

The March was also the occasion of Martin Luther King, Jr.’s iconic “I Have A Dream” speech.

King agreed to speak last but his speech was scheduled to be four minutes long though he ended up speaking for 16 minutes. His speech would become one of the most famous speeches of the civil rights movement.

The more peaceful the protest, the more likely that it will internally unify the cause as was the case for the March on Washington.

african american women made meaningful gains in the labor force and us armed forces as a result of the wartime labor shortage during the second world war, but these advances were sharply circumscribed by racial segregation, which was legal in all parts of the country, and virulent racism in the dominant culture. president franklin roosevelt’s signing of executive order 8802 in 1941 banned race discrimination in defense industries and civil service jobs. it was rarely enforced, however, and mostly ignored by employers until they were forced to hire nonwhites by exhaustion of the white labor supply. even then, war industries often filled their most menial and dangerous positions with black employees, frequently on night shifts and in janitorial slots. african american women suffered both racial and gender discrimination, so they had to fight very hard even to enter skilled spots on the production line in aircraft, shipyard work, and other well-paying war industries.

entrenched racist attitudes on the part of white employers and coworkers in the nation’s war-production centers hindered black women’s ability to gain employment in these unionized blue-collar jobs. when black people did get hired, they often were forced to use separate restrooms and to perform the lowest paid, most difficult work. sometimes their employment triggered hate strikes, which erupted periodically over the war, when white workers walked off the job over promotion or hiring of african americans into previously restricted departments and occupation categories. in 1943, for example, a baltimore western electric plant was forced to build separate toilet facilities for white and black workers when white women demanded them. barred from most service occupations like telephone operator, clerical worker (other than federal offices in washington, dc), or waitress at white restaurants, black women mainly found war jobs in dangerous industries such as munitions plants.

african american women

the difficulty for black women entering skilled production areas, retail and other service work, or transportation jobs during the 1940s is mirrored in their continuing dominance of the private market for maids. although during the war, the proportion of african american women who were working in domestic service fell dramatically, from 60 to 44 percent, domestic employment remained their primary occupation category throughout the war. even in the military, which they did enter as a support for black male soldiers in the segregated armed forces, black women had trouble escaping low-skilled assignments, and they were not allowed to take combat roles. six african american wacs, for example, were court-martialed at fort devens, massachusetts, when they refused to take custodial assignments. in her memoir of being the first african american to join the women’s army corps, charity adams earley mentions the common army practice of dividing into "white" and "colored" the jobs wacs were given, with the latter being menial and

japans americans

japanese americans in military during world war ii in world war ii for its size and length of service, japanese americans served in the u.s. armed to nisei veterans in general—"most of the others did extremely well in their work and lives.

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