Which of the following became the center of african american communities in the south after the civil war?
a. churches
b. businesses
c. courthouses
d. plantations

in mcculloch v. maryland (1819) the supreme court ruled that congress had implied powers under the necessary and proper clause of article i, section 8 of the constitution to create the second bank of the united states and that the state of maryland lacked the power to tax the bank.

gibbons v. ogden, (1824), was a landmark decision in which the supreme court of the united states held that the power to regulate interstate commerce, granted to congress by the commerce clause of the united states constitution, encompassed the power to regulate navigation.

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the nets, boats and fishing poles are examples of determinants for catching fish. if a fisherman has a quality fishing net and fishing poles plus a high end fishing boat, then there is a big opportunity or possibility that he may catch more fish.

moreover, fish production is directly proportional to its determinants such as boat, net, fishing poles and bait. therefore, a good equipment is a determinant while fisherman’s effort is an input to his fishing skills and the output is the production made out of catching fish.