In the middle ages, who would have been considered a heretic by the church?

Any group that defended ideas contrary to the "official" ideas of the pope and the high clergy, or the dogmatic positions of the Church, would be considered a heretic. Among the main groups are the Albigenses and the Vaudois.

The Albigenses of the city of Albi in France defended the existence of a church in favor of the poor and excluded and without concentration of wealth, especially lands. They criticized luxury in which the upper clergy and its political influence lived.

The Waldensians, dispersed in various parts of Western Europe, defended poverty, prayer and penance as a way of approaching man and God.

these civilizations were located around fertile rivers, where they could produce an abundance of crops

c. the king has significantly abused the colonists' rights many times over a long period of time.