Political rights for women grew most rapidly on the western frontier primarily because (1) the settlers were influenced by native american indian societies (2) women greatly outnumbered men in the west (3) pioneer life often required men and women to share responsibilities equally (4) immigrants settling in the west brought ideals of gender equality from europe

7. which was not an important advance made by the maya:

-deviced and accurate map of the world.

8. what was justinian code:

-a single, consistent set of laws for the byzantine empire.

9. which describes what theodora achieved as justinian´s most trusted adviser:

-getting laws passed to give married women more rights and to protect divorced women.

10. what caused the christian church to divide into two branches- the eastern orthodox church and the catholic church:                                             -differences in language, liturgy, and views on religious icons.

11. what was a result of the work done by the monks cyril and methodius:       - orthodox christianity spread to slavic cultures.

12. which is true about byzantine culture:

-it was a blend of greco-roman and persian culture.

13. which was not a major accomplishment of byzantine culture:

-the reconstruction of moscow

14. which group invaded the slavic homeland beginning in the ninth century:

-varangians

15. what did vladimir, prince of kiev, do in 988 to unify his people:       - he converted to orthodox christianity

16. what is the name of the book in which muhammad ´s words and teaching were collected:

-quran

17. what is the hajj:

-the pilgrimage to mecca that all muslims must undertake if possible

18. which accurately describes islamic belief:

-muhammad is god´s only prophet.

19. what happened to islam after the death of muhammad:

-it was practiced by only few people in small parts of the world

20. which region shows the extent of islamic territory 100 years after muhhamed´s death:

-egypt, mesopotamia, persia.(b)

21. which led to the division between sunni and shia following the death of muhammed:

-conflict over who should be the caliph

22. the muslims achieved many spectacular advances, which was not one of them:

-they created the justinian´s code.

both include an amendment process.

adopted the practice of proskynesis, a persian court custom that involved bowing down and kissing the hand of others, depending on their rank.

from thales, who is often considered the first western philosopher, to the stoics and skeptics, ancient greek philosophy opened the doors to a particular way of thinking that provided the roots for the western intellectual tradition. here, there is often an explicit preference for the life of reason and rational thought. we find proto-scientific explanations of the natural world in the milesian thinkers, and we hear democritus posit atoms—indivisible and invisible units—as the basic stuff of all matter. with socrates comes a sustained inquiry into ethical matters—an orientation towards human living and the best life for human beings. with plato comes one of the most creative and flexible ways of doing philosophy, which some have since attempted to imitate by writing philosophical dialogues covering topics still of interest today in ethics, political thought, metaphysics, and epistemology. plato’s student, aristotle, was one of the most prolific of ancient authors. he wrote treatises on each of these topics, as well as on the investigation of the natural world, including the composition of animals. the hellenists—epicurus, the cynics, the stoics, and the skeptics—developed schools or movements devoted to distinct philosophical lifestyles, each with reason at its foundation.

with this preference for reason came a critique of traditional ways of living, believing, and thinking, which sometimes caused political trouble for the philosophers themselves. xenophanes directly challenged the traditional anthropomorphic depiction of the gods, and socrates was put to death for allegedly inventing new gods and not believing in the gods mandated by the city of athens. after the fall of alexander the great, and because of aristotle’s ties with alexander and his court, aristotle escaped the same fate as socrates by fleeing athens. epicurus, like xenophanes, claimed that the mass of people is impious, since the people conceive of the gods as little more than superhumans, even though human characteristics cannot appropriately be ascribed to the gods. in short, not only did ancient greek philosophy pave the way for the western intellectual tradition, including modern science, but it also shook cultural foundations in its own time.