What were the midnight appointments and how did they lead to judicial review?

The Midnight Appointments were a series of last minute appointments by outgoing President John Adams as the Federalists were leaving power.

The Midnight Appointments teed up the case Marbury v. Madison, as Marbury was one of the appointments and Democratic-Republican James Madison did not honor the appointment.

The case Marbury v. Madison is the first example of the doctrine of Judicial Review and the Supreme Court reviewed the actions of the Executive branch to determine the Constitutionality of Madison's actions.

yes i think there would be volunteers

regarding the law, the 15th amendment was specifically designed thinking in the rights of black free men.

even though ratified on february 3, 1870, the promise of the 15th amendment would not be fully applied for a long time.poll taxes and literacy tests would allow southern states disenfranchise african americans. only in 1965 the voting rights for african americans would be actually able to vote in the south.

in 1965, president johnson signed the voting rights act, which aimed to overcome legal barriers that prevented african americans from voting as it was guaranteed by the 15th amendment to the u.s. constitution.