In 1954, after the french were defeated at dien bien phu, a. communists took control of all of vietnam. b. vietnam was divided at the 17th parallel. c. an international committee gave vietnam back to france. d. the united states sent troops to vietnam to remove the communists.

Vietnam was divided at the 17th parallel.

b :)

Explanation:

in 1897, pershing became a tactical officer at west point, and that's where he was given the nickname "black jack." pershing's first name is "john," for which "jack" is a nickname, and he was a white man who commanded black troops. hence "black jack".