The first-past-the-post electoral system explains a. why the united states has only two major parties b. why republicans have conservative candidates c. why democrats have liberal candidates d. why the united states has coalition governments

The correct answer is A. why the United States has only two major parties.

Indeed, there is even a name for this principle in political science and it is known as Duverger’s law. In first-past-the post systems a voter casts his vote and the candidate with the  most votes becomes the winner of the seat. This means that only the party that arrives first or second will receive seats while the party that arrives third will get no seat at all.

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the answer is b.2008 and 2012 were presidential election years.