Dentify the participial or infinitive phrase in each sentence. julia withdrew money from each paycheck to renovate her old and dingy bathroom. humming to himself, he appeared in good spirits as he walked to the office. audience members, bored by the dull guest speaker, quickly lost their interest in the presentation. to become an expert archer, natasha dedicated long days to repetitive target drills. the movie featured an unknown actress described as a rising star. to gain admittance to yale university was nicholas's top priority. tonight's gala event is an effort to raise money for natural-disaster relief.

Participial phrase = PP  Infinitive Phrase = IP

A PP is a group of words introduced by a present participle (ing form as in feeling tired, they went home) or past participle (-ed form in regular verbs or other forms in irregular verbs as in the police have questioned anyone found lurking near the house. )

An IP is any group of words introduced by infinitival to as in I want to dance.

All relevant parts are found between brackets [ ] and the kind of phrase, PP or IP, will be placed at the end of the sentence.

Julia withdrew money from each paycheck [to renovate her old and dingy bathroom.] IP

[Humming to himself], he appeared in good spirits as he walked to the office. PP

Audience members, [bored by the dull guest speaker], quickly lost their interest in the presentation. PP

[To become an expert archer], Natasha dedicated long days to repetitive target drills. IP

The movie featured an unknown actress [described as a rising star]. PP

[To gain admittance to Yale University] was Nicholas's top priority. IP

Tonight's gala event is an effort [to help raise money for natural-disaster relief.] IP

the crusades are one of the most significant events in the history of europe and the middle east.   they were a series of religious wars carried out by christian crusaders from europe during the timeframe of the middle ages.   beginning in 1095 ce, the crusades saw european knights and noblemen travel to the middle east in an attempt to capture the holy land away from muslim people that had controlled the region for the previous centuries.   the term crusade means ‘cross’.   therefore, the europeans that became crusaders viewed themselves as ‘taking up the cross’.   in fact, many of the crusaders wore crosses on their clothing and armor as they made their pilgrimage to the holy land.

explanation: