Which of the following was not an outcome of the treaty of utrecht? a. england gained territory in europe and north america. b. philip v kept his throne. c. the holy roman emperor was made king of spain. d. france and spain continued to have separate rulers.

The correct answer is C. The Holy Roman Emperor was not made king of Spain as an outcome of the Treaty of Utrecht.

Explanation:

The Treaty of Utrecht was a series of agreements that, signed in the city of Utrecht in the Netherlands between 1713 and 1715, ended the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714), which confronted interests of various European powers. The throne of Spain was intended by Philip d'Anjou, grandson of the French king Louis XIV, and by Charles of Austria. Negotiations opened on January 29, 1712, but only on April 11, 1713 were the main agreements signed.

Opponents of the dispute were, on the one hand, France, in support of Philip d'Anjou; on the other, the Great Alliance, against Louis XIV and in favor of Prince Charles, consisting of Great Britain, the Dutch Republic, Prussia, Portugal and the house of Savoy.

The Great Alliance lost strength when Charles was elected emperor of the Holy Roman Empire under the name of Charles VI, for it was not appropriate for the British to centralize so much power. After negotiations between English and French, a congress was held in Utrecht, without the participation of Austria, and the treaties were signed. Austrian Emperor Charles VI felt that he could not pursue his struggle without the Allies and accepted the terms of the treatises of Rastatt and Baden in 1714.

The question of succession in Spain was resolved in favor of Philip V, who retained the crown of Spain (1700-1746) and its colonies, but renounced the right of succession to the French throne. The integrity of the French territory was preserved and England received important maritime bases - Gibraltar, Minorca, Newfoundland, Acadia - and obtained the right to supply the colonies of Spanish America with black slaves. England gained from France, beyond Newfoundland, Hudson Bay and St. Kitts and recognition of Hanoverian succession. The south of the Netherlands, Milan, Naples and Sardinia passed to Austria. France had to restore recent achievements, but retained all that was achieved in the Nijmegen Peace in 1679 beyond the city of Strasbourg. The Duke of Savoy conquered Sicily and widened the borders of northern Italy. The Dutch secured, with the Austrian government, the right to garrison fortresses in the south of the Netherlands. French domination was in dire straits, but France was still a great power. England achieved significant naval, commercial and colonial achievements and subsequently assumed a leading role in matters of world order.

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