By the end of the civil war, whose power did many individuals need protection

I'm not sure if this is exactly what you're looking for because their are so many answers but-Many individuals needed protection of individual liberties from the national government.

monopolies  came to the united states with the colonial administration. the large-scale public works needed to make the new world hospitable to old world immigrants required large companies to carry them out. these companies were granted exclusive contracts for these works by the colonial administrators. even after the american revolution, many of these colonial holdovers still functioned due to the contracts and land

read more on -

those who allied with france gained land and power.