Which of the following is not necessary to categorize an area as a civilization? writing system surplus of food division of labor having cities built

Answer : the correct answer is " Surplus of food ".

Explanation

A civilization by def is any complex society characterized by urban development," when we say urban development we mean having cities built ", social structure imposed by a cultural elite, symbolic systems of communication like writing system and a perceived separation from and domination over the natural environment.

Civilizations are intimately associated with and  defined by other social and politico-economic characteristics, including centralization, the domestication of both humans and other organisms, specialization of labour, cultural ideologies of progress and supremacism, monumental architecture, taxation, societal dependence upon farming and expansionism.

congress also has implied powers, which derive from the necessary and proper clause of the constitution and permit congress "to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this constitution in the government of the united states.

i would say the executive branch is because the executive branch is in charge of enforcing the laws and judicial branch is in charge of enforcing but the executive branch is most responsible for it all so i would have to say the executive branch.