The smaller states presented a plan at the constitutional convention basically advocating for equal representation

May 1787 all states met together in Philadelphia, PA . They were looking for representation except Rhode Island, George Washington presided over the Constitutional Convention . The best solution for the new country was to create a new system.

Roger Sherman of  Connecticut, proposed a legislature with two parts. This created a bicameral legislative branch, which gave equal representation to each state in the Senate, and representation based on population in the House of Representatives. Governor Edmund Randolph from Virginia presented  Virginia Plan that provided for a National Government with three branches.

i believe the answer is d.

they usually pass federal laws

and sometimes in the elections of the president