Which of the following actions would be the most effective long term solution to fighting desertification in the sahel

"Planting trees throughout Sahel" is the one action among the following actions given in the question that would be the most effective long-term solution to fighting desertification in the Sahel.

jewish people, gypsies, and political opponents.

the alfred thayer mahan award for literary achievement is awarded each year by the navy league of the united states. the award is named for an american naval historian and theorist, rear admiral alfred thayer mahan, united states navy who, through his writing, provided stimulus and guidance to those who share in the defense of the nation. presented since 1957, "this award for literary achievement is awarded to a u.s. navy officer, u.s. marine corps officer, enlisted service member, or civilian who has made a notable literary contribution that has advanced the knowledge of the importance of sea power in the united states."[1]