Asimilarity between the supreme court decisions in new jersey v. t. l. o. and vernonia v. acton is that

Both are Supreme Court decisions that are connected to the provisions of the Fourth Amendment to the US Constitution.

New Jersey v. T.L.O was a decision issued in 1985. A teenager was caught smoking in a public high school and her purse was searched, where marijuana and other drug-related objects were found. She was charged for that findings. This girl claimed that such search had violated the 4th amendment which declares illegal unreasonable search. In the end, the Supreme Court declared that the search had been reasonable.

The Vernonia v. Acton decision was issued in 1995. It dealth with the establishment of random drug tests in local public schools in Vernonia, Oregon. The Supreme Court considered such test to be reasonable, due to the interest of schools on preventing teenage drug use.

The Supreme Court has to decide in both on whether the searchs were reasonable and therefore legal according to the 4th amendment, or not.  

where is the i can't with a multiple choice question without the choices

a hypothesis is an expected answer to a question, usually based on some theory or prior research. hypothesis testing is a method of determining the viability of a hypothesis. let’s use the us presidential election as an example. there are many hypotheses (questions) about how people feel or whom they will vote for. the only way to know the 100% “truth” about the answers to these questions is to ask every single possible voter – something that is impossible, expensive, time consuming etc. instead, we take samples and use statistics to make “best guesses” about the answer to a particular hypothesis. we never know for sure if our conclusion is right at the time we accept/reject it, but these techniques, when used appropriately can get us close to the truth most of the time (which is a lot better than guessing, flipping coins or throwing darts to get answers).

the tricky part about hypothesis testing is that we have to think somewhat backwards about it – we have to test what is known as the “null hypothesis”. as an example, the hypothesis might be “obama is more popular than romney” while the null hypothesis is “there is no difference in popularity between obama and romney”. we focus on the null hypothesis because it tells us exactly what the expected value of our tests should be (obama popularity = romney popularity) and we can collect data and see if it comes out that way (see next section on “significance”). if it does, then we “accept the null hypothesis” and reject our original hypothesis. if the null hypothesis is disproven, we look at the data to see if our original hypothesis holds (obama> romney).