Extra point to whoever gets this right. *i know the answer, just giving free points* why was england the first to industrialize?

British landlords had been able to push their peasants off the land.

the correct answer is “opportunity cost”. opportunity cost is what a company misses out because it decided in one option over another one. in this case, the company decided to invest in building a factory so it gave up another possible benefit or profit in order to achieve success with the factory.  

trade-off is not the correct answer since it is a situation in which you accept losing something in return for benefits in other areas.

and finally, consequence is a general term used to accept what it comes when you make a decision. it can be a positive or negative consequence depending if the decision you took was the correct one.  

porter is writing economic history because he is focusing on the cost of developing vaccines.