Which challenges have the andean and mid-latitude countries face since gaining independence

Harsh rule by military leaders

Their government was out of wack and lost some resources

Difficulty in controlling and developing resources

They did have tons of resources however, they had a hard time trying to keep it all in their hands.

Extreme gaps between rich and poor.

Since there wasn't tons of resources or things to sell, some people had it all, and some people didn't have anything.

abraham lincoln was the president of usa and he had asked the audience to make a pledge on equality.

his pledge was:

“it is my earnest desire to know the will of the providence.”

lincoln also had hatred for people who condoned and practiced slavery and so he pledged:

""and if i can learnt what it is i can do it"" this is another pledge by abraham to reassure the congregation on how to deal with the providence will.

explanation:

hope this !

your answer would be (b)