Explain the impact on the crusades on europe

The crusades of the 11th to 15th century CE have become one of the defining events of the Middle Ages in both Europe and the Middle East. The campaigns brought significant consequences wherever they occurred but also pushed changes within the states that organised and fought them. Even when the crusades had ended, their influence continued through literature and other cultural means and, resurrected as an idea in more modern times, they continue today to colour international relations. Many exaggerated claims have been made concerning the effects and consequences of the crusades on life in the Middle Ages and later. There were, undoubtedly, momentous changes in life, politics and religion from the 11th to 14th centuries CE, but it is perhaps prudent to heed the words of historian and acclaimed Crusades expert T. Asbridge:The impact of the Crusades may thus be summarised in general terms as:

an increased presence of Christians in the Levant during the Middle Ages.

the development of military orders.

a polarisation of the East and West based on religious differences.

the specific application of religious goals to warfare in the Levant, Iberian peninsula, and Baltic region, in particular.

the increased role and prestige of the popes and the Catholic Church in secular affairs.

the souring of relations between the West and the Byzantine Empire leading, ultimately, to the latter’s destruction.

an increase in the power of the royal houses of Europe.

a stronger collective cultural identity in Europe.

an increase in xenophobia and intolerance between Christians and Muslims, and between Christians and Jews, heretics and pagans.

an increase in international trade and exchange of ideas and technology.

an increase in the power of such Italian states as Venice, Genoa, and Pisa.

the appropriation of many Christian relics to Europe.

the use of a religious-historical precedent to justify colonialism, warfare and terrorism.

Explanation:

the discoverers and explorers: 1. natives showed jedediah smith the way. 2. william sublette was the first cross it with a caravan. 3.joel walker and his family were the frist settlers to use it. the jumping off point: 1. founded in 1827 near where the missouri river flows into the mississippi. 2. by the 1840's, it was the most popular "jumping off" point for pioneers to stock their wagons with supplies. 3. missionaries from the church of jesus christ of latter day saints attempted to make independence their zion, or holy capital. the route west: 1. the first emigrants to oregon came by ship before the trail was established. 2. ships continued to to travel to oregon even after the overland migrations began, but they were not popular among the pioneers. 3. the fare for a sea journey to oregon was quite expensive--few pioneer families could afford it. i don't know the other three i'm sorry.

c holding free elections