What is the role of the church during the middle ages

During the high Middle Ages, the Roman Catholic Church became organized into an elaborate hierarchy with the pope as the head in western Europe. He establish supreme power. Many innovations took place in the creative arts during the high Middle Ages. Literacy was no longer merely requirement among the clergy.

During the Middle Ages Church took to replacing the vacuum caused by the fall of the Roman Empire. The church saw itself as a means to keep culture; in relation to this the church founded many european universities. In line with the idea of replacing the Roman Empire, the church brought a long period of unity to Europe.

in 1897, pershing became a tactical officer at west point, and that's where he was given the nickname "black jack." pershing's first name is "john," for which "jack" is a nickname, and he was a white man who commanded black troops. hence "black jack".