Migration usually occurs out of a need for survival in some way, or a desire for a better standard of living. how can this type of additude, present in migration populations, affect the demographics of a newly settled area?

When an influx of people move to a new city or country, even if it's because of totally legitimate reasons (more jobs, cheaper cost of living, better schools, for example) locals tend to denounce the loss of the old, "real" city. Locals tend to perceive the situation as a threat when "outsiders" come in raising real estate costs, increasing traffic, pollution, etc. in a place that already has an established and "well-functioning" population.

With immigration, you basically have people that the community sees as outsiders causing problems. Often times this perception is an easy trap we fall into when there are obvious characteristics that difference these immigrants to the current population, whether it be language, accents, skin color, or other easily distinguishable attributes.

When a certain area experiences a peak of immigration, it's usually because said area can afford it and the resources are available. The issue more often than not, is discrimination.

Hope this is helpful to you!

the expansion of the rule of empires over other territories took place as a result of several reasons including economic, ethnocentric, political, and religious, and exploratory purposes.

in terms of economic purposes: imperial governments aimed to maximize profits and with that purpose they neeeded cheap labor, access to or control of markets to sell or buy products. they also desired to find natural resources (precious metals and land). in the awake of   industrial revolution, dependent colonies provided the necessary raw materials that european factories and market needed to manufacture products.  

ethnocentric: many territories were conquered by imperial territories in an attempt to spread their cultures, values and belief as they considered them to be superior. in the late 19th century, for example, european powers held   the racist belief that inferior races should be conquered in order to “civilize” them.

political: another reason that drove conquer and expansion was patriotism and growing imperial power. it refers to national prestige, pride, and security. empires sought strategic territory to ensure access for their navies and armies around the world.

religious: the aim of converting new member of other religions was another factor that prompted expansion.   christian missionaries from europe established churches in conquered territories during the nineteenth century. thus, they spread western cultural values. furthermore, the imperial nation’s language was spread as well, through educational and religious interactions.

exploratory: imperial nations or their citizens aimed to explore territory that was unknown to them,   for different purposes including medical or scientific research, however, at the very   beginning, they did it to embark on adventure. furthermore, imperial explorers sought to discover, map, and claim territory before their imperial competition did, for national and personal glory as well as to realize the imperialist goal of expansion.

the answer is b. hope this !