1. over time the economy of europe changed from one based solely on agriculture to one focused more on trading and the merchant class, why did this transition take place? 2. how did europe transition from a system of feudalism to one organized into nation-states? 3. how did the catholic church react to those who disagreed to their teaching and practices during the middle ages?

1. The contact with the East, started by the crusades, opened up a desire and a market for goods, also, the lower population due to the Black Death made it harder for people to farm.

2.This was a really long period of time, countries like Germany or Italy are less than 300 years old, the middle ages took place sixteen centuries ago. In a nutshell, Europe first went from a feudal state to a capitalist one, when the Reinassance happened the feudal system was gone, but instead of nations the continent was divided mostly into kingdoms,  duchys, etc. Carta Magna, The Independence of the United States, the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars were some of the main events that helped transform serveral kingdoms into countries.

3.The church wasn't kind towards those who disagreed with their teachings a practices. Specially in the middle ages, when they had a massive control over the european population. Questioning the church alone, back in those days, could get you accused of Heresy or Witchcraft, a sin that was punished by death.

atman means 'eternal self'. the atman refers to the real self beyond ego or false self. it is often referred to as 'spirit' or 'soul' and indicates our true self or essence which underlies our existence.

there are many interesting perspectives on the self in hinduism ranging from the self as eternal servant of god to the self as being identified with god. the understanding of the self as eternal supports the idea of reincarnation in that the same eternal being can inhabit temporary bodies.

the idea of atman entails the idea of the self as a spiritual rather than material being and thus there is a strong dimension of hinduism which emphasises detachment from the material world and promotes practices such as asceticism. thus it could be said that in this world, a spiritual being, the atman, has a human experience rather than a human being having a spiritual experience.

explanation:

"the sepoy rebellion was the result of many, many influences and stressors on the cultures of india living under british rule. in britain, it's called the sepoy mutiny on the indian mutiny, but in india, it's called the first war of independence.

the main reason is concerned to the british paramountcy , the belief in british   dominance in india political, economic and cultural life had been introduced in india about 1820."

"they were forced to grow crops that benefited the colonizing nations instead of feeding their own people."