Which was a major result of the struggle for africa by european powers between 1880’s and world war 1

Which was a major result of the struggle for Africa by European powers between the 1880's and World War I?

The choices are:  

-An increase in the slave trade  

-The strengthening of traditional village ties  

-An increase in tribal warfare  

-The creation of arbitrary colonial boundaries

Arbitrary colonial boundaries

what is your question? i can you

no every country is held to the same degree as others just some member countries such as the usa and germany are more economically sound so the need to show there support to all others