People who opposed reform efforts led by president garfield were called
democrats.
republicans.
spoilists.
stalwarts.

I guess the answer is spoilist.  Many of these people oppose Garfield’s reform particularly the spoils system.  This is the practice of giving government positions to people based on their support.  Garfield was not able to address this due to his assassination that led to his death.

she went to newnham women's college at cambridge university