Who won the case of board of education v. earls

board of education v. earls, 536 u.s. 822 (2002), was a united states supreme court case in which the court upheld the constitutionality of mandatory drug testing by public schools of students participating in extracurricular activities. the legal challenge to the practice was brought by two students, lindsay earls and daniel james, and their families against the school board of tecumseh, oklahoma, alleging that their policy requiring students to consent to random urinalysis testing for drug use violated the fourth amendment to the united states constitution.

the student activities drug testing policy adopted by the tecumseh, oklahoma school district requires all middle and high school students to consent to urinalysis testing for drugs in order to participate in any extracurricular activity. two tecumseh high school students and their parents brought suit, alleging that the policy violates the fourth amendment. the district court granted the school district summary judgment. in reversing, the court of appeals held that the policy violated the fourth amendment. the appellate court concluded that before imposing a suspicionless drug-testing program a school should demonstrate some identifiable drug abuse problem among a sufficient number of those tested, such that testing that group will actually redress its drug problem, which the school district failed to demonstrate.

in a majority opinion delivered by justice clarence thomas, the court held that students in extracurricular activities had a diminished expectation of privacy, and that the policy furthered an important interest of the school in preventing drug use among students. this rationale was based on the precedent vernonia school district 47j v. acton (1995), which allowed drug testing for athletes. justice stephen breyer filed an opinion concurring in the court's judgment.

explanation:

the president, prime minister, chief justice, speakers and ministers take their oath of office. the oath is taken in bengali

according to romans 13: 1-7, 1st peter 2: 12-14, and 1 timothy 2: 1-4, christians as citizens have specific responsibilities to a nation that gives liberties to its people. christians are obliged to live as good citizens by submitting to the human government. honor, or respect, is due to men in the high governmental station. a christian should reflect such respect not to gain some favor but because it is god’s will. peter 2: 14 notes that the purpose of the human government is to promote peace and justice in society. to submit to human government, peter includes three elements; obedience, respect, and good deeds.