James madison would probably argue that is one of the most important concepts of the constitution. a. amendments b. separation of powers c. bill of rights d. preamble

Option C, the Bill of Rights is the right answer.  

In May 1787, James Madison and the other 56 delegates of the Constitutional Convention met in Philadelphia to amend the articles of Confederation. Madison represented Virginia when they introduced the new constitution. Prior to the introduction of the new constitution, Madison with the help of  Alexander Hamilton and John Jay drafted a series of 85 articles. These articles act as the description of the newly proposed laws under the constitution to the people of U.S, in the hope of encouraging them to sanction the new constitution in the upcoming convention. It is because of these efforts of him that he is known as “the Father of Bills of Rights”.

the reform movements that arose during the antebellum period in america focused on specific issues: temperance, abolishing imprisonment for debt, pacifism, antislavery, abolishing capital punishment, amelioration of prison conditions (with prison's purpose reconceived as rehabilitation rather than punishment), the humane treatment of animals, the humane and just treatment of native americans, the establishment of public institutions for the care of the destitute, orphans, blind, and mentally ill, the establishment of public schools, the abolition of tobacco use, vegetarianism, health reform, homeopathic medicine, woman's rights (including, at first, especially the establishment of a woman's right to own property apart from her husband and her right to sue for divorce), and the amelioration of labor conditions (including higher pay, the right to form unions, the right to strike, and the demand for limits on the number of work hours, and safe working conditions).

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