If a fund-raising drive uses graphic pictures of starving children in its promotional materials, what type of audience appeal is this, and why?

Emotional Appeal, it makes the viewer sad and feel sorrow over the children starving so they will donate to the fund raiser.

Pathos appeal because it  (appeal to emotion) is a way of convincing an audience of an argument by creating an emotional response

Explanation:

which empire had the greatest influence on the history and cultural development of russia?