Why did english immigration to the colonies drop dramatically after 1660?
a. the english were no longer sought after as indentured servants.
b. the political turmoil in england kept them close to home.
c. the english economy improved and political and religious conflict diminished.
d. the english were opposed to the growing slave trade in the colonies.

in mcculloch v. maryland (1819) the supreme court ruled that congress had implied powers under the necessary and proper clause of article i, section 8 of the constitution to create the second bank of the united states and that the state of maryland lacked the power to tax the bank.

gibbons v. ogden, (1824), was a landmark decision in which the supreme court of the united states held that the power to regulate interstate commerce, granted to congress by the commerce clause of the united states constitution, encompassed the power to regulate navigation.