What can cause a migration counterstream?
chain migration of certain ethnic groups
refugees being turned away at the border
asylum seekers being granted residency in a new country
forced migration caused by political persecution
religious persecution within a region

One thing that can cause a migration counter-stream would be "Refugees being turned away at the border," since this would mean that they would either have to return to their homeland or find another haven. 

1) which is an example of active listening during a formal discussion the answer is d. responding to questions this proves that you were actively listening to the conversation being held in the discussion and that you also know about the topic being discussed2) finding the right balance in a formal discussion is primarily the answer is a. being activeyou want to actively take part of the discussion and prove that you are focused. able to understand what others are saying and make your own input