Bout what people did an observer write these words in 1444: they lived like beasts, without any of the customs of rational creatures, since they did not even know what were bread and wine, nor garments of cloth, nor life in the shelter of a house?

This line is cited in Debrunner, 1979. It describes the testimony of a Portuguese man, D’ Azurara, when he saw African slaves arriving in Lagos, Portugal during the reign of Henry the Navigator (1394-1460).

While the speaker pities the fate of the slaves, he claims that a better fate is waiting for them, as they will be taken in to Portuguese houses, taught the doctrine of Christianity and get acquainted with Portuguese culture.

Portraying African cultures and religions as savage or primitive was a common rhetorical device to defend slavery, by portraying Europeans as saviors.

i think it should be slowed colonial western march

the results of roman expansion produced social conflict and civil war. julius caesar gained power and became a dictator but was then assassinated. the reign of augustus began a long period of imperial rule and peace in the roman empire. rome faced the problems of how to maintain peace, law, and order.

hope this !

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