What were three effects of european imperialism on africa?

Drawing borders.
The borders of African countries were drawn based on the land holding of European imperialist powers. Many of the borders split tribes and empires creating ethnic conflict still today.

Many African countries adopted European languages. The official language of most African countries is either French or English due to the influence of the imperial period. Official institutions like schools and the government use the European language to run the country.

Many white people settled in Africa imprinting white culture and power structure. Countries like South Africa have a small white population but the whites hold almost all of the power especially during Apartheid.