What did cortez do to prevent his forces from retreating

Here’s the first one let me send the next page of the passage

List a few examples of city-states that practiced oligarchy in ancient greece

Two gymnastics teams are intense rivals. the first team has started recruiting new gymnasts from different cities and even foreign countires in an effort to build a stronger team. after learning this, the secondteam begins its own recruitment campaign to find better gymnasts. over a period of months, each team recruits dozens of players, each time trying to find a better recruit than its rivals most recent addition. which idea from the cold war is most similar to this scenario