Who did john hay negotiate with to establish the open door policy

What is walt whitman's poem "when i heard the learn'd astronomer about?

What reason did yurovsky give nicholas ii for his pending execution? the czar’s relatives were about to rescue the romanovs. nicholas had committed crimes against the russians. nicholas had misused his power to abuse his own people. nicholas had not lived up to his duties as czar of russia. the answers are not b and c, i already tried those.

Why are nation-states difficult to create?