The mandate of heaven i - stated that the gods decided who was entitled to rule. ii - explained natural disasters as divine signs. iii - justified overthrowing weak rulers.

In 1816, john c. calhoun proposed that: a. that the federal government aid in the construction of roads and canals to improve transportation to and from the west b.the united states should end slavery. c.the united states should increasing the size of the navy and invade central america. d. the united states should annex hawaii