In july 1853, a fleet of united states ships arrived in japan demanding medicine coal zaibatsu trading rights

In July 1853, a fleet of United States ships arrived in Japan demanding trading rights. Commodore Matthew Perry was the head of the US Navy who commanded a squadron of steamers and sailing vessels in the Tokyo harbor. He forced Japan to open their ports to the US merchant ships for their manufacture goods and raw materials. During that time Japan had no naval fleet of their own.

It developed as a reaction to the impact of european colonialism in africa on peoples of african descent. in the  mid-20th century, activists in africa adopted pan-africanism as a rallying cry for independence from colonial rule. some african pan-africanists sought to unite the continent as one independenthope it was useful