Look at the green shaded part of the first map, then explain how we gained all the land from that border to the pacific ocean on the left. hint: explain how the events listed in the map key the us to expand westward. the lesson goes into detail about each of those land gains and you are to summarize them for #1.

in 1897, pershing became a tactical officer at west point, and that's where he was given the nickname "black jack." pershing's first name is "john," for which "jack" is a nickname, and he was a white man who commanded black troops. hence "black jack".

the results of roman expansion produced social conflict and civil war. julius caesar gained power and became a dictator but was then assassinated. the reign of augustus began a long period of imperial rule and peace in the roman empire. rome faced the problems of how to maintain peace, law, and order.

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