Is a way to turn a company into a parent company with smaller retail outlets owned by independent operators.
a. manufacturing
b. incorporating
c. taxing
d. franchising

It would be "D," franchising. Many large and well-known businesses are "franchises," which helps them continue growth. For example, "Subway" is a franchise. Although the main (parent) company retains a considerable amount of control, (in order to continue to "brand" their products or services, by maintaining a specific look and offering only what is purchased through the parent company, as well as having members of that company's training staff on hand to insure there is consistency among all locations), other businesses or individuals purchase the "rights" to open a franchise, if they meet required criteria. This allows them to become business owners of a business that is already established and thriving, without the same stress as an individual who begins their own business and has to start at the very beginning. It is mutually beneficial

Ibelieve it would be d (side effect) sorry if i'm wrong(: