What is the condition of the defects in the valves of the heart called ?​

Regurgitation. In this condition, the valve flaps don't close properly, causing blood to leak backward in your heart. This commonly occurs due to valve flaps bulging back, a condition called prolapse.

precisely the author keeps the interest of readers not describing clearly the   kind of relationship in giselle's family. by doing this, readers had to imagine and assume how it was.   instead, the author described better scenes with dark star and the influence of books about horses in giselle's life and actions.   also the fact that she broke her arm but not referring to it in detail leads the readers to imagine and guess what could have occurred.