What are some causes of kidney stone formation and materials that may compose a kidney stone?

Melanocytes and keratinocytes work together in protecting the skin from uv damage when keratinocytes a. provide the melanocyte with a protective shield against abrasion b. maintain the appropriate temperature so the product of the melanocyte will not denature c. maintain the appropriate ph in order for the melanocyte to synthesize melanin granules d. accumulate the melanin granules on their superficial portion, forming a uv-blocking pigment layer