Explain the short-term and long-term effects that alcohol has on the cardiovascular system and describe two preventative measures people could take if they want to avoid these effects.

In a summary:

Short-term, it can cause muscle damage to the heart since alcohol speeds up the circulation process, and in the long term, it can affect the efficiency of how much the heart can eject and the pumping (which means improper ejection of blood).

It can also increase the risk of  alcohol abuse,  heart attack, stroke, A-fib  and hemorrhagic stroke.

Some of the most preventative measures people could use is that they abstain from ever drinking (or drink in moderation, which means no more alcohol consumption than what their body can handle and requesting counseling if behavior starts to interfere with daily activities (because usually it's the first sign of substance abuse the lack of control).

A long term effect if you drink alcohol is you can get Brain damage.

A small term effect is you black out easily.  

Alcohol causes high blood pressure which leads to higher chances of getting a heart attack or stroke. You also get lung infections easily.

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