A 23-year-old man with a childhood history of eczema presents to your office for the first time complaining of a non-productive cough that started 4 months ago after a respiratory tract infection during the winter. He generally has the cough roughly once or twice a week, usually after strenuous exercise. He has not had any fevers at home and denies any hemoptysis. He smokes socially, roughly 1 pack a week, and binge drinks on the weekends. He denies any intravenous drug use, but has had several unprotected heterosexual relationships this past year. His temperature is 37.0 C (98.6 F), blood pressure is 110/80 mm Hg, pulse is 65/min, and respirations are 15/min. His physical examination is remarkable only for end expiratory wheezes on bilateral lower lung fields. At this time the most effective treatment about his condition is:

answer: the first 2nd and last one

explanation:

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    however, coronary heart disease , or chd, is actually a result of coronary artery disease, or cad, said edward a. fisher, m.d., ph.d., m.p.h., an american heart association volunteer who is the leon h. charney professor of cardiovascular medicine and also of the marc and ruti bell vascular biology and disease program at the nyu school of medicine.

  with coronary artery disease, plaque first grows within the walls of the coronary arteries until the blood flow to the heart’s muscle is limited. view an illustration of coronary arteries. this is also called ischemia. it may be chronic, narrowing of the coronary artery over time and limiting of the blood supply to part of the muscle. or it can be acute, resulting from a sudden rupture of a plaque and formation of a thrombus or blood clot.

    the traditional risk factors for coronary artery disease are high ldl cholesterol, low hdl cholesterol, high blood pressure, family history, diabetes, smoking, being post-menopausal for women and being older than 45 for men, according to fisher. obesity may also be a risk factor.

    “coronary artery disease begins in childhood, so that by the teenage years, there is evidence that plaques that will stay with us for life are formed in most people,” said fisher, who is former editor of the american heart association journal, atvb. “preventive measures instituted early are thought to have greater lifetime benefits. healthy lifestyles will delay the progression of cad, and there is hope that cad can be regressed before it causes chd.”

  living a healthy lifestyle that incorporates good nutrition, weight management and getting plenty of physical activity can play a big role in avoiding cad.

    “coronary artery disease is preventable,” agreed johnny lee, m.d., president of new york heart associates, and an american heart association volunteer. “typical warning signs are chest pain, shortness of breath, palpitations and even fatigue.” if you feel any of these symptoms, don’t delay — call 9-1-1.

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