Joanie is on the phone with Sam, a patient, when Mrs. Smith, a busybody, comes to the window to sign in for her physician's appointment. Joanie continues the conversation with Sam, who has been diagnosed as HIV positive. Mrs. Smith is the next-door neighbor to Sam and recognizes who is being discussed. When she leaves the office, Mrs. Smith tells the neighbors that Sam has AIDS and they should be very careful. What did Joanie do that was unethical and in violation of HIPAA regulations?

At 2: 00 am, a 17-year-old boy, accompanied by his 19-year-old girlfriend, had driven to the bar to give his father (who had been drinking large amounts of alcohol) a ride home. on the way back, they were involved in a motor vehicle collision. the boy has a large laceration with profuse bleeding on his forehead. his girlfriend is unconscious in the front passenger floor. the father is standing outside the vehicle, appearing heavily intoxicated, and is refusing care. what is the best way to gain consent to begin care when his father has an altered mental status or is unconscious? a. phone his mother for consent. b. call his grandparents for consent. c. it is a true emergency, so consent is implied. d. you are covered under the good samaritan laws.