Which of the following structures of a vertebrae is the hole through which the spinal column passes? A.
Vertebral foramen
B.
Spinous process
C.
Intervertebral disks
D.
Vertebral arch

The hole in the vertebrae and through which the spinal cord passes is called the vertebral foramen (option A).

Explanation:

The vertebral foramen is an orifice in the center of the vertebra that is bounded at the front by the body and the vertebral arch at the back.

This hole in the vertebra not only contains the spinal cord and the roots of the peripheral nerves, but also the membranes that cover it —meninges— vascular elements such as the venous plexuses and the anterior longitudinal ligament, which hold the vertebrae together.

The other options are not correct because:

    B. Spinous processes are bony eminences that are found on the posterior surface of the vertebrae, also called vertebral spinous apophyses.

    C. Intervertebral discs are structures that separate the vertebrae, avoiding their direct contact, allowing the movement of the spine.

    D. Vertebral arch corresponds to the posterior half of a vertebra.