the holmes and rahe scales have been used to predict vulnerability to physical illness and psychological disorder due to different stressors that are

The correct answer is - negative and positive changes in life.

Explanation:

A series of questiones are developed by the Holmes and Rahe (1967) which is known as social readjustment rating scale for recognizing and finding the events that marked as stressors.

These stressors can be positive or negative changes that occurred in the life of an individual in life. They have made 43 events of life based on the question asked to tho large sample of participants.

Thus, the correct answer is -  negative and positive changes in life.