Alvin is having difficulty speaking. his throat is sore and inflamed, but he is not wheezing, having chest pain, or experiencing shortness of breath. alvin is suffering from

laryngitis.
emphysema.
sinusitis.
tuberculosis.

Alvin is suffering from laryngitis.

Explanation:

Based on the symptoms, Alvin only has a sore and inflamed throat, and has difficulty speaking. He is not experiencing chest pain, shortness of breath, or wheezing.

Let's go over the facts of each illness listed:

Laryngitis-this is the inflammation of the larynx, or the voice box. This causes inflammation in the throat, and many people can experience trouble speaking, which is what Alvin has listed his symptoms are.

Emphysema-This is a lung condition that causes shortness of breath. Since Alvin has stated he does not have shortness of breath, we already know this is not what he has.

Sinusitis-This is better known as a sinus infection, or bacteria trapped in the sinuses, causing inflammation and discomfort. Since Alvin has not listed any of his symptoms relate to sinuses, we know this is not the correct option.

Tuberculosis-Better known as consumption, this is an infection in the lungs, where there is active TB (tuberculosis bacteria) in the lungs. One of the main symptoms of tuberculosis is chest pain, which Alvin has listed he does not have, making this also an invalid option.

Therefore, the only option that matches Alvin's symptoms is laryngitis.