Kitayama and colleagues (2004) conducted an investigation comparing cognitive dissonance across japanese and canadian participants. all participants were asked to rank cds. participants in one condition were asked to choose one cd to keep among their middle two rankings, while participants in another condition were given a cd without any choice. while completing these study procedures one group of participants was exposed to a poster with faces, designed to prime the concept of other people. the results showed that the poster manipulation cognitive dissonance for participants.

The results showed that the poster manipulation AMPLIFIED cognitive dissonance for JAPANESE participants.

Explanation:

what is meant by the term cognitive dissonance?

The term cognitive dissonance refers to a situation whereby a person is exposed to information or behaviour that goes against their beliefs which makes them feel uncomfortable those feelings are referred to as cognitive dissonance.

Most of us hold dearly to what we believe so when that is put into test something must happen in order to eradicate that dissonance that we feel.

Japanese are usually reserved individuals because of their upbringing so anything that goes against what they hold as values from birth it creates discomfort.

these are common warning signs of overtraining syndrome:

washed-out feeling, tired, drained, lack of energy

mild leg soreness, general aches, and pains

pain in muscles and joints

sudden drop in performance

insomnia

headaches

decreased immunity (increased number of colds, and sore throats)

decrease in training capacity/intensity

moodiness and irritability

depression

loss of enthusiasm for the sport

decreased appetite

increased incidence of injuries.

a compulsive need to exercise