Abuild up of plague on the artery walls is know as

A build up of plague on the artery walls is known as Atherosclerosis

Explanation:

Atherosclerosis occurs when there is a build-up of plaque in the artery walls that carry oxygen from blood to heart and all parts of body. Plaques are cholesterol, fat and calcium induced substance. As the time goes by, these plaques became hard and narrow the arteries.

This results in blocking pathway for the flow of blood to the heart and body parts. It can cause stroke or heart attack.  It gives birth to artery involved diseases like- Carotid artery, Peripheral artery, kidney diseases etc.  

the aorta is the large artery leaving the heart branches into smaller arteries, which eventually branch into capillaries.the arteries carry oxygen and nutrients away from your heart, to your body's tissues. the capillaries are small, thin blood vessels that connect the arteries and the veins. the statement that arteries carry oxygen-rich blood to capillaries is true. veins on the other hand are blood vessels that take oxygen-poor blood back to the heart.